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Location: Luxor
Luxor – known as Thebes in ancient literature – was the capital of Egypt for five centuries in the second millennium BCE. Today it’s known as the world’s greatest open-air museum. From Tut’s tomb to the temples like Karnak and Luxor, it’s the ultimate Egyptian experience into antiquity. Ancient history buffs can spend weeks here. There are 66 tombs of individual pharaohs and noblemen, for instance, in the Valley of the Kings, each a masterful work of unmatched art. There are more than 100 tombs in the Valley of the Queens, only slightly less impressive. These underground fields of ancients seeking eternal life were built from the 16th to 11th century BC, and each includes a detailed story of the interred. Above ground the city is divided by the Nile into two areas commonly referred to as the East and West Banks, which in ancient times was supposed to symbolize Life and Death. The Karnak and Luxor temples represent the aspirations of all ancient Egyptians to worship the sun. Karnak was begun in 2000 BC and continually improved and enlarged until 300 AD. The many attractions of this remarkably well preserved ancient kingdom are a stark reminder of human yearnings for an afterlife, even from the earliest days of organized human culture.